Amory: Dr. Ewen Cameron will never be able to respond to the intergenerational trauma created by his work. After his treatments patients were unable to function; they had been reduced to a state of infancy. It was the start of a series of experiments backed by the British, the Americans, and the Canadians, and they wanted to know what prolonged sensory deprivation actually did to a person. Ewen Cameron was fulfilling one of the items on his life bucket list: to climb Street Mountain. To prevent this, the West would have to take measures to reorganize German society. She very slowly recovered mostly and died in 2017. Cameron followed these schools in demanding that mental disturbances are diseases and somatic in nature; all psychological illness would therefore be hardwired, a product of the body and the direct result of a patient's biological structure rather than caused by social environments. The program is widely believed to have been partly funded by the United States Central Intelligence Agency as part of their top-secret MKULTRA program. Hebb who did pay the students for their participation basically put them in a room for 24 hours, in a set-up that deprived them of all sensory input. Alison believes those random phrases her mother would sometimes say were from the recordings that she'd been forced to listen to for hours. His support of Charles Edward Stuart was instrumental in the Jacobite Rising of 1745 Lochiel and the Jacobite cause Donald Ewen Cameron was the key figure in the Montreal experiments. And, until theres true accountability for what happened and what is still happening, it never will be. Joseph Rauh Jr. was one of the attorneys that represented the group who filed lawsuits in the mid-1980s. It's Boston local news in one concise, fun and informative email. Like in Nicaragua, where he was The New York Times Bureau Chief. The guilt of her baby's deadly staph infection stayed with her, and when she became pregnant with her second, and the CBC says she went into Cameron's care in February of 1960. This personality type poses a danger to those closest to them, especially children. And he didn't achieve that either. Ben: Jims right. Click here for the donation page. Amory: We definitely will. Duncan: We all very much wished, as we always had, that my father was alive because he would have had to deal with that issue and would have dealt with it quite effectively. Duncan: Oh yes, he enjoyed a good joke even if they were off color. Amory: You're welcome to pull it out now. She was gonna go out there and do something. And that seemed to us to be a highly questionable action for someone to take. sister. [13], In 1945, Cameron, Nolan D. C. Lewis and Dr Paul L. Schroeder, colonel and psychiatrist, University College of Illinois, were invited to the Nuremberg trials for a psychiatric evaluation of Rudolf Hess. Very different. Cameron further argued that "the weak" must not influence children. And how his work lives on. And Mary Morrow? I'm the oldest son of Dr. Donald Ewen Cameron and Jean Cameron. In 1946, Cameron introduced the practice of the day hospital, the first of its kind in North America, permitting patients to remain at home while receiving treatment at the institute during the day, thus avoiding unnecessary hospitalization and allowing the patients to maintain ties with their community and family. Ewen Cameron made the hike with Duncans younger brother, James. Donald Ewen Cameron was born in Bridge of Allan, Scotland, the oldest son of a Presbyterian minister. It's safe to say that the exact opposite happened. Donald Ewen Cameron was born in Scotland in 1901. Duncan Cameron: No. And he has a much different memory of how it all went down. His brutal techniques involved a three-stage method for brainwashing in order to eliminate the will and establish control: first, mental depatterning achieved through drug-induced coma; massive neuroleptic drug cocktails induced extended sleep lasting up to eighty-six days. For example, something like rock music could be created by mentally ill people and would produce mentally ill people through infection, which in turn would be transmitted to the genes. Anyone with any appreciation of the complexity of the human mind would not expect that you could erase an adult mind and then add things back with this stupid psychic driving. The CBC says the CIA recruited Dr. Ewen Cameron a few years into MKUltra, using the Society for the Investigation of Human Ecology to approach Cameron and tell him that he really, really needed to apply for one of their grants. They had four children; a daughter and three sons. As time has worn on, its become the families of those victims who shoulder the burden. Amory: Duncan knows how to be very careful about what he says. Research genealogy for donald ewen Cameron of Melbourne, Victoria, as well as other members of the Cameron family, on Ancestry. Jean Steel was another one of Cameron's patients, and like the others she didn't sign up to be a part of MKUltra, depatterning, or psychic driving at all. . Don't worry, it gets worse. He warned that government institutions should take measures against such potential liabilities. The behaviour of a mental patient could resemble the behaviour of a patient with, for example, syphilis, and then a somatic cause could be deduced for a psychological illness. Stephen Bennett: If I put one of you, either Ben or Amory, into prison for two, three years, you should be okay because you can have time and space. Camerons techniques have no therapeutic validity whatsoever; they were comparable to Nazi medical atrocities. Amory: What we know of Camerons work comes from family accounts like Marian's, a few hard-won medical documents, and detailed descriptions of his techniques from his own journal articles and speeches. I'm sure part of him very much wanted to be the person who cures mental illness. Ben: Which brings us back to a question that no one can answer why did Dr. Cameron do what he did? Please note . And Camerons part of that. Ben: Would you have anything that you would want to say to Dr. Cameron or his family? For years, the patients of Dr. Ewen Cameron or, more accurately, the families of those patients have been trying to get compensation for the unthinkable experiments their loved ones were subjected to. 22 As the Watergate scandal broke in 1973, MKUltra was officially ordered to be shut down by the CIA. ", And what about the CIA, who had approved and funded the research in the first place? He wanted to cure schizophrenia, and win a Nobel Prize for it. Amory: They bounced around between foster homes and orphanages for years, experienced emotional and physical abuse. Pregnant with son Lloyd, Esther was kept in a drug-induced coma in the sleep room for a month, where she lost 13 pounds. Ben Brock Johnson: So what do you have in front of you here? The victims and their lawyers want us to remember that this story isnt over. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, Cameron continued his work on memory and its relationship to aging. On March 10, Cameron's notes read: "She is disoriented as to time only and is probably in her second stage of depatterning. Yeah so it was sad. memorial page for Donald Ewen Cameron (1852-5 Feb 1892), Find a Grave Memorial ID 170055188, citing Cameron Cemetery, Indian River . The legacy can be seen in the torture techniques employed in Northern Ireland and in Guantanamo Bay. Amory: Just not in the way he might have hoped. Now, a recent court decision has. Ben: But Duncan is still, in some ways, trying to defend his dads honor. [clarification needed] Those Germans affected by the events that led to World War II were of utmost concern. Memorials. And we would take off. In 1943, Cameron was invited to McGill University in Montreal by neurosurgeon Dr Wilder Penfield. Like, did she always have problems? And he said, Oh, gosh. She goes, No. She was the one that was gonna go and conquer the world. Cameron began to develop broader theories of society, new concepts of human relations to replace concepts he deemed dangerous and outdated. Amory: Were bringing you the last installment of our special series: Madness The secret mission for mind control and the people who paid the price. [6] Decades after his own death, the psychic driving technique he developed continued to see extensive use in the torture of prisoners around the world. Amory: This is information that may have proven invaluable in holding Cameron, as well as McGill, the CIA, and the Canadian Government accountable for what happened at the Allan. Cameron was born on December 24, 1901, in Scotland and graduated from the University of Glasgow in 1924. Marian Cameron. Canada's McGill University has owned up to the part it played in MKUltra's Sub-project 68, and they say that it really started before Dr. Ewen Cameron even got involved. Ewen Donald Cameron. (laughter). While he didn't name names or give specifics, he did say that papers "related to patients were destroyed.". These did nothing to calm the feud which continued through succeeding reigns to when Donald's grandson Ewen, the 13th chief, fought at the battle of Flodden where James IV was killed. What Hebb and Cameron both have in common is their contribution in establishing the scientific foundation for CIAs two-stage psychological torture method. Death: June 18, 1958 (52) Immediate Family: Son of Sir Ewen Allan Cameron and Rachel Margaret Cameron. ", So, they went back to a 1983 court transcript, where Duncan was called to the stand to testify about what happened to his father's documents. Duncan: Thats my recollection, that any documents that related to patients were destroyed. Kinzer: If Cameron had failed to find an effective means of mind control despite carrying out the most reckless experiments, in which he was willing to take any kind of a grotesque step in an effort to find that key, this must have helped feed Gottlieb's conclusion that the whole thing didn't exist. He studied Medicine at the University of Glasgow and obtained his degree in 1924. . He is largely known today for his central role in unethical medical experiments, and development of psychological and medical torture techniques for the CIA. Memories are not the most reliable form of evidence. Cameron decided that Germans would be most likely to commit atrocities due to their historical, biological, racial and cultural past and their particular psychological nature. [citation needed]. She was not staying in this little town. Cameron began his training in psychiatry at the Glasgow Royal Mental Hospital in 1925. In 1938 he received his diploma in psychiatry and became professor of neurology, psychiatry at University at . And here I am looking much younger than I am now. . And you see this actual physical manual on how to break down the human mind. Duncan: Talking about him, it should be easy, but sometimes it's sort of emotional. Just as Sigrid Schultz stated in Germany will try it again, Cameron fostered a fear for Germans and their genetic determination. We put this to Harvey Weinstein, the psychiatrist we heard from earlier, whose father was a patient at the Allan. Ben: But, as human experiments at the Allan Memorial Institute, and MK-ULTRAs mind control efforts, fade into history, reduced to references in tv shows and video game plot points, there are troubling examples of these techniques still in use today. She was left with permanent impairments: She was unable to recognize faces, had impaired spatial recognition, and lost a good portion of her memory. "He was this miracle psychiatrist," she said. Ben: Camerons research could never happen today at least not lawfully. [citation needed] Characteristics were thus diagnosed as syndromes emerging from the brain. Rauh: A question that Mr. Turner wanted me to ask was what happened to the papers identifying the patients? Part of Camerons plan for his patients was to wipe their minds clean, to make them forget their past, so they could move forward. Duncan: I'm Duncan Cameron. I think he wanted to be famous. Cameron quickly found patients didn't want to listen to the messages. We want to hear from you! Marian: It's become so embedded in our narrative, in our pop culture, without people really understanding that it happened It was real. Duncan Cameron is Ewen Cameron's son, and when he speaks of his father, he talks about a man who loved to hike, read science fiction, and who had an obituary that read, in part: "Those who are privileged to know him, even briefly, will not soon forget the warmth and kindliness of this understanding man." Scottish-American psychiatrist Dr. Donald Ewen Cameron led and conducted these experiments. Marian Read: So for me, the importance of all of this is to get it out of the shadows of pulp fiction, you know Amory: This is Marian Read. (McCoy, 2007), According to Leonard Rubenstein, an attorney for plaintiffs [Mrs. David Orlikow et al. You know, my job was to look out for the cops. Finally, while the person is in isolated confinement, in LSD altered states of consciousness, and deprived of sensory stimulation, adequate food, water, and oxygen, the subject would be bombarded by psychic driving by use of a football helmet clamped to the head with taped messages played for hours non-stop up to a half-million times, messages such as my mother hates me. (McCoy, 2007). While guys like Freud encouraged talking through problems, Cameron thought things like electroshock therapy and drug cocktails could be used to physically change the brain and get rid of the illness in question. He began his career as resident surgeon at Glasgow Infirmary, but in 1929 moved to Canada to work in the Brandon Mental Hospital. Thank you! After one test he noted: "Although the patient was prepared by both prolonged sensory isolation (35 days) and by repeated depatterning, and although she received 101 days of positive driving, no favourable results were obtained." Cameron would analyze what conditions produced the stronger worker, what would be the necessary conditions to replicate this personality and to reward the stronger while disciplining the weaker. His list of credentials was so long it's impossible to list them all, but for starters, his resume included the University of Glasgow and Johns Hopkins, and in the 1930s, he was lauded for setting up a series of psychiatric clinics. Psychiatric experimentation: the lessons or history, The Journal of the California Alliance for the Mentally Ill, 1994, Vol. Harvey: Here he is trying to reach the peak, trying to climb the mountain, reach this goal. And, later on to guidebooks for what we now call enhanced interrogation at places like Guantanamo and Abu Ghraib. [10] There he met A. T. Mathers, Manitoba's principal psychiatrist, who convinced Cameron in 1929 to move to Brandon, the second largest city of Manitoba, Canada. His death occurred while climbing a mountain. Amory: But, Camerons extreme measures didnt result in a Nobel Prize or any mental health breakthroughs, which is why Harvey finds a certain poetry in his untimely death. He did and he got it. She never did get her children back. He recruited psychoanalysts, social psychiatrists and biologists globally to develop the psychiatry program at McGill[12] From its beginning in 1943, the Allan Memorial Institute was run on an "open door" basis, allowing patients to leave if they wished, as opposed to the "closed door" policy of other hospitals in Canada in the early 1940s. He died three years later. Police, hospitals, government, and schools would need to use the correct psychiatric authority to stop mental contagions from spreading. with distinction from the University of Glasgow in 1936.[8]. In 1936, he moved to Massachusetts to become director of the research division at Worcester State Hospital only 1 year later. So what led the CIA to get onto this fantasy? And people talk about the transmission of trauma through generations. He tried a variety of things, including multiple electroshock therapy sessions a day and massive doses of drugs including LSD. And in a sense, that's what he wanted to do professionally. Shes a member of SAAGA, or Survivors Allied Against Government Abuse. ", Why MKUltra's Top Brainwashing Scientist Was A Real-Life Nightmare, "Brainwashing's Avatar: The Curious Career of Dr. Ewen Cameron. From 1939 to 1943 he was professor of neurology and psychiatry at Albany Medical College, and at the Russell Sage School of Nursing, also in the Albany area. The manual got updated in 1980, but the techniques that have come about including things like waterboarding and restraint in a "coffin-like wooden box" still harken back to that original research. She's the exception, though, and the CBC says that 2020 saw others like Lana Ponting, who was just 16 when she was sent to the sleep room hoping that year, it would finally be their year, thanks to a class action lawsuit filed in 2019. He saw no reason why psychiatry should be any different. Most of the patient files are gone, and according to WBUR, they weren't just misplaced, they were destroyed. [25], Cameron had been hoping to correct schizophrenia by "erasing" existing memories and "reprogramming" the psyche. Duncan: Yes. She was admitted to McGill's Allan Memorial Institute in 1957, needing help dealing with depression and the loss of her child. Cameron also wanted to revolutionize the way psychology and psychiatry looked at mental illness. "Madness: The Secret Mission for Mind Control and the People Who Paid the Price" an investigative series in 5 parts unravels the shocking history of CIA-funded mind-control experiments. He served as president of the American Psychiatric Association , Canadian Psychiatric Association ,[2] American Psychopathological Association . Amory: In the Lake Placid community where Dr. Camerons family spent the bulk of their summers, his sudden death from a heart attack while hiking was big news. And I feel for them for that. That was just something we wanted to get clarification on. Those were right out. There is no such thing as closure. You can try, The 1963 "Kubark Counterintelligence Interrogation" manual, "CIA's Secret Brainwashing Experiment" (1984), "Brainwashed: The Secret CIA Experiments in Canada" (2017), Jim Turner and Joseph Rauh's lawsuit debrief: "Anatomy Of A Public Interest Case Against The CIA,", Send us a direct message on Reddit. Amory: He said he did not destroy documents, that he didn't know about that. Cameron also hoped to generate families capable of using authority and techniques to take measures against mental illness, which would later be apparent in Cameron's MKULTRA and MKDELTA experiments. If you want that too, we would deeply appreciate your contribution to our work in any amount. Ian Donald Cameron is geboren in het jaar 1932 in Blairmore House, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, zoon van Ewen Donald CAMERON en Enid Agnes Maud LEVITA. But none of us trained in psychiatry. And you can get a real sense of your own, where you are in the world. But the government agency backing his experiments at the Allan did find a way to make use of his methods. Although Cameron rejected the Freudian notion of the unconscious, he shared the Freudian idea that personal psychology is linked to the nervous nature. So we dont have access to Cameron's thoughts on his own legacy. "He was supposed to do wonders with people with depression or mental health issues." Cameron reported to John Gittinger, an agent in charge of overseeing parts of MKUltra. He continued his training in the United States under Meyer at the Phipps Clinic, Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland from 1926 to 1928 with a Henderson Research Scholarship. Ben: When Amory and I spoke to Duncan Cameron about his dad, he also told us about his own work, as a lawyer. She wasn't able to joke and laugh She would blurt out something like: 'We must do the right thing!'" Father, Son and CIA by Harvey Weinstein p. Father, Son and CIA by Harvey Weinstein p. 100, Father, Son and CIA by Harvey Weinstein p. 101, Last edited on 16 February 2023, at 19:10, "Society of Biological Psychiatry 65th Annual Meeting Program Book (p. 14)", "World Psychiatric Association Chronology", "Current Comment: Psychiatric Examination of Rudolf Hess", The Search for the "Manchurian Candidate": The CIA and Mind Control, "Doctor Looked After the Sick, And Looked Around for the CIA", "A History of Secret CIA Mind Control Research", "Brainwashing's Avatar: The Curious Career of Dr. Ewen Cameron", Stunning tale of brainwashing, the CIA and an unsuspecting Scots researcher, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Donald_Ewen_Cameron&oldid=1139756014, A passive man who "is afraid to say what he really thinks" and "will stand anything, and stands for nothing". In other words, torture. [38], Cameron died of a heart attack while hiking with his son in the Adirondack Mountains on September 8, 1967. [22], During the 1950s and 1960s, Cameron became involved in what has later become known as the MKUltra mind control program, which was covertly sponsored by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)[6] and which eventually led to the publication of the KUBARK Counterintelligence Interrogation manual. For Cameron, the traits were contagions and anyone affected by the societal, cultural or personality forms would themselves be infected. We love making Endless Thread, and we want to be able to keep making it far into the future. So I think in a certain way they believed that what fiction writers could come up with, somebody could actually make real. We encourage you to research and examine these records . And he always had a little book of science fiction by the bedside. He had patients. Traces of some survived, including documentation on Sub-project 42 also known as Operation Midnight Climax and sub-project 68. The human significance of his dark legacy was brought to public attention when nine of his Canadian victims filed lawsuits in 1980s twenty-one years after Camerons death. About 55 families of victims who underwent medical experimentation in the 1950s and 1960s are suing for millions of dollars. And I think you have, as much as love that you had for him you also had respect for him. [39], Social and intrapsychic behaviour analysis, Cameron and Freud: civilization and discontents. And I recall going through them and *taking out* several papers that appeared to me to be identified or could be identified as dealing with a particular patient. Ben: After Marians mom left the Allan, she struggled for the rest of her life to regain her sense of self and mental clarity. John Marks: The Allan Memorial Institute under Cleghorn commissioned a study of his work, which is absolutely or almost absolutely unprecedented in the psychiatric field. Charles Tanny was a former patient of Dr. Donald Ewen Cameron at the Allan Memorial Institute in Montreal in 1957. John Marks: There must have been clinical documents. That was in December of 1959, and according to the lawsuit (via the Consumer Law Group), Cameron diagnosed Morrow as having "nervousness and tension." He never got one. Or answer questions about his motivations, whether or not he knew he was part of the CIAs mind control efforts. What started as short-term depression before the Allan, morphed into chronic depression, as well as diagnosed schizophrenia and bipolar disorder afterwards. Agnes was born in 1844, in Richmond Victoria Australia. We were unable to subscribe you to WBUR Today. Ben: But some key documentation of Camerons time at the Allan is straight up missing. There was also Donald Hebb, who ran McGills psychology department at the time Cameron was running its psychiatry department. There are movies like Gaslight and Cabinet of Dr. Caligari. His focus on children included the rights to protection against outmoded, doctrinaire tactics, and the necessity for the implantation of taboos and inhibitions from their parents. Duncan: And I've said Im unable to do that. He served as president of the American Psychiatric Association (19521953), Canadian Psychiatric Association (19581959),[2] American Psychopathological Association (1963),[3] Society of Biological Psychiatry (1965)[4] and the World Psychiatric Association (19611966). Theres no clear approach to the summit only overgrown pathways. We collect and match historical records that Ancestry users have contributed to their family trees to create each person's profile. Amory: The study, which was published a few months before Cameron died, found that Camerons methods exposed his patients to unnecessary risk, and that there was no clinical proof his methods were any more effective than standard forms of treatment. Amory: Hey, Dad, let's get out of here!, Duncan: I can remember doing that several times. He did technically, because nothing says "wonders" has to be a good thing. [27] Such consequences included incontinence, amnesia, forgetting how to talk, forgetting their parents, and thinking their interrogators were their parents. In other words, they really must have seen that there was something wrong and crazy. I'm sure that they loved him very much and knew him in a very different way. Amory: Theres a reason that all the photos of Ewen Cameron are from more than 50 years ago. Under that program, more than 80,000 suspected North Vietnamese sympathizers were interrogated by US forces and their allies. Duncan: Not really, I certainly don't know anything about the treatments he was using, I didnt know anything about that. Birthdate: June 04, 1906. Typically, I would show up there and, if it was a Friday, ask if I could have a lift down to Lake Placid. Amory: Sarah Anne Johnson, whose grandmother Val Orlikow was a patient of Ewen Camerons, has a response to Duncan that, considering what her family has been through as a result of his fathers experimentation, is surprising. [34], Naomi Klein states in her book The Shock Doctrine that Cameron's research and his contribution to MKUltra were not about mind control and brainwashing, but "to design a scientifically based system for extracting information from 'resistant sources.' Ben: OK. Fair. The first was for 18 days and the second for 29 days, all while hearing endless recorded messages and being subjected to a series of electroshock therapy sessions. Skip . [26] His "psychic driving" experiments consisted of putting a subject into a drug-induced coma for weeks at a time (up to three months in one case) while playing tape loops of noise or simple statements. 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