U.S. geologists in particular saw similarities between the layout of fault lines in this part of Mongolia and the fault lines associated with the Venture and the San Andreas faults. (1985) and Baljinnyam et al. Geologic Inheritance and Earthquake Rupture Processes: The 1905 M 8 Tsetserleg-Bulnay Strike-Slip Earthquake Sequence, Mongolia Jin-Hyuck Choi1,2, Yann Klinger1, Matthieu Ferry3, Jean-Franois Ritz3, Robin Kurtz3, Magali Rizza4, Laurent Bollinger5, Battogtokh Davaasambuu3,6, Nyambayar Tsend-Ayush6, and Sodnomsambuu Demberel6 1Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris - CNRS, Sorbonne Paris . They are orientated N 80 5 and they displace a river in a left lateral way (Table 4a). His notes and maps lay in the archives of the Russian Geographic Society until they were discovered in 1957. The seismic moment of the Tsetserleg earthquake is 1.06 (0.05) 1021 N m with a magnitude Mw = 8. In conclusion, the nucleation must be near the junction of the Teregtiin and Bolnay faults, thus respecting a mainly eastward rupture propagation. 4). Altai doi: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120140119. ), the most constrained parameters are the azimuth of the segments, the relative position of the segments and the slip angle. Here, using sub-metric optical satellite images . The Bolnay earthquake, 14 days later, starts at the intersection between the main fault (left lateral strike-slip) and the Teregtiin fault (right lateral strike-slip). 1991, 2001; Bayasgalan 1999). The Bulnay earthquake of 23 July 1905 (Mw8.38.5), in northcentral Mongolia, is one of the worlds largest recorded intracontinental earthquakes and one of four great earthquakes that occurred in the region during the twentieth century. We see that, 100 yr after these large events, the activity is still located near these faults. This last case appears to be the most satisfactory to explain our data. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2015) 105 (1): 7293. In the case of Tsetserleg, the angle is about 75. What is their source history? We deduced different b values for each record with an uncertainty going from 1 to 3 mm (Table 2). For the Bolnay earthquake, we obtained S wave forms at Gttingen, Jena and Uppsala. The earthquake has been estimated at 8.25 [3] to 8.4 [2] on the moment magnitude scale . The fault displacement during the earthquake was greater than 5 m,[3] and the duration is estimated at about one minute. To determine the unknown parameters, we either inverted each of them, or we tested a set of a priori values, by using the Nabelek (1984) program. Depth: 15 km. Your email address will not be published. 37.2 km from Subsequent research, mainly in modern times after World War II, identified a series of earthquakes subsequent to the 1905 quake. For 1 horizontal and oriented NS, the best shape factor R is 0 (2 = 3), meaning uniaxial compression (Armijo & Cisternas 1978). This manual step is irreplaceable because no automatic process can separate intersecting traces, despite the recent development of related software (Pintore et al. Aviles C.A. Moreover, the two needles are lifted each minute during a few seconds. Van der Woerd J. All selected instruments were Wiechert seismographs with a mass of 1000 kg (Wiechert 1903, 1904). Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Then, we moved the nucleation to the southwestern end of the main fault with bilateral propagation (Fig. King G.. Michelini A. Comparison between the Gttingen and Jena S waveforms (Bolnay earthquake). The sign (-) is used when the writing arm is displaced to the north or the east. 1995; Schlupp 1996) and displacements associated to the Bolnay earthquake (1905 July 23). Next, keeping the source nucleation at 17 km, we tested the propagation of the rupture in depth between 30 and 80 km (Table 3b). Epicenter at 46.938, 89.399 The needle is placed at the end of an arm moving in any direction through a cardan system and, in absence of motion, it should be at the vertical of the axis of the driving cylinder. Heres The Truth! 195.2 km from Indeed, Kosmos satellite images show 80 km of active faults at the NE of the mapped surface ruptures. b Main shear rupture of the Bolnai earthquake 1905, M w 8.4. 1985)] which is one of the largest known events within a continental region. On one hand, we obtained the orientation of the main stress 1 at N30 using striations on the fault planes of the Bogd earthquake (Mw = 8.1 the 1957 December 4 associated to 250 km of surface rupture, with a main left lateral component, along the Gobi-Altay range; fig. Central Mongolia. N2 - Synthetic Love wave seismograms for a series of reasonable models of the catastrophic earthquakes of July 1905 in Mongolia are generated and compared to observed data, to help constrain the source parameters suggested from older field reports. 133.2 km from We have 2.6 105 in the case of the Bolnay and Gobi-Altay earthquakes (Mongolia, 4 December 1957, Ritz et al. 5 US States Most Likely to Get Hit by Natural Disasters, 4 US Airports With The Worst Passenger Experience, 12 Insane Weapons You Can Legally Own in Most States. We can divide the Teregtiin fault into a north and south segment. We checked this postulate on modern seismograms. To obtain good results using the linear predictive filter, the signal durations should be two to three times the natural period of the instrument. Khovd 2002). (1985) reported a right lateral component on a subvertical NS oriented fault. 3). In 1905 there were about a hundred seismic stations operating around the world (Wood 1921). Theres never any convenient time for any. Gileva N. Epicenter at 51.842, 95.911 Within this procedure we considered the following criteria: (1) the signal must never go back in time; (2) upward time equal to downward time of signal and (3) The histogram of slope at 90 must be null. (43.2 miles), 1960-12-03 04:24:18 UTC Cadek (1987) gives a procedure for transforming the (xi, yi) coordinates into time and amplitude. TY - JOUR. The natural period, partially adjustable, varies between 9 and 15 s. The damping, by forced air circulation between a cylinder and a piston, is about = 4 1. at 02:04 December 25, 1932 UTC, Location: We determined the source history of these events using body waveform inversion. The minimal depth of the rupture for a large earthquake is equal to the whole thickness of the seismogenic layer. Diament M. Epicenter at 43.099, 104.521 High-Resolution Satellite Imagery Mapping of the Surface Rupture and Slip Distribution of the Mw _7.8, 14 November 2001 Kokoxili Earthquake, Kunlun Fault, Northern Tibet, China, Variable crustal structure of strike-slip fault zones as observed on deep seismic reflection profiles, Seismometrsche Beobachtungen in Strassburgi. Kurtz R.D. (151.2 miles), 2008-08-27 01:35:32 UTC We cannot reject the possibility that the rupture propagates down through the whole crust (50 5 km), or even through a part of the lithosphere, which is about 100 km thick in this region (Villaseor et al. The total duration of the modelled source is 65 s for Tsetserleg and 115 s for Bolnay earthquakes. Antoine Schlupp, Armando Cisternas, Source history of the 1905 great Mongolian earthquakes (Tsetserleg, Bolnay), Geophysical Journal International, Volume 169, Issue 3, June 2007, Pages 11151131, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03323.x. Official websites use .gov A lock () or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. Epicenter at 47.264, 89.859 The 1 direction makes an angle of 80 with the southern segment when 1 is oriented NS, and 60 when 1 is oriented N30. We thank our colleagues from the Mongolian Academy of Sciences (Ulaanbaatar), the Mongolian University of Science and Technology (Ulaanbaatar), the Institute of Physics of the Earth, (Moscow) and the Institute of Earth's Crust (Irkutsk) for the facilities we had during the field work. Deep fissures, one stretching for seventy-five miles and another for two hundred miles, formed in the wake of the July earthquakes and from within these fissures water was forced out on to the surface. However, rockslides were reported in the nearby mountains, and supposedly "two lakes, each of eight acres in size, disappeared". What are the focal depth, rupture length and width, or seismic moment? The rupture propagation is mainly eastward. Events which occurred in remote areas will be excluded from the list as they wouldn't have generated significant media interest. 1a). (1993). Your email address will not be published. at 15:21 December 27, 2011 UTC, Location: The earthquake has been estimated at 7.9 to 8.3 on the moment magnitude scale. Baiyin At that time very little was known or documented about geological changes in that part of the world. 176.2 km from Epicenter at 45.189, 99.368 How could so many catastrophic earthquakes occur within a single century and within two hundred miles of one another? Flannery B.P.. Ritz J.F. Epicenter at 49.114, 89.707 10a). Epicenter at 37.645, 102.489 The average displacement is 2 0.5 m for the horizontal component and about 1 m for the vertical component. Ritzwoller M.H. 1993). The 1905 Tsetserleg earthquake occurred in or near the Tsetserleg Sum of Khvsgl Province in Mongolia on 9 July 1905. Xu X. The P projection on the NSEW plane and the emergence angle, allowed us to deduce the P waveform. (23.2 miles), 1927-05-22 22:32:49 UTC Online Material: Table of 10Be concentrations with sampling information, highresolution stratigraphic and topographic maps, and 10Be analyses at various sites. Saryg-Sep Okal (1977) proposed a rupture propagating eastwards along a fault oriented EW. 2005) The previous magnitude published for the Tsetserleg event where: Okal 1977: Ms = 7.9 0.2; Kanamori 1977: Ms = 8.25; Abe 1981: Ms = 8.4; Baljinnyam et al. Ellis R.G.. Klinger Y. In general, each segment measures several tenths of kilometres, and in the case of Bolnay, they are very linear. (14.2 miles), 1991-12-27 09:09:37 UTC The return periods on the Gobi-Altay segment are between 3000 and 4000 yr (Prentice et al. at 11:33 September 27, 2003 UTC, Location: Amato A. The Jena station was not inverted, but compared to the synthetic (weight of 0 in the inversion), as the beginning of the predicted signal was poorly constrained, and since the station was near Gttingen. Deep-seated structure and geodynamics of Mongolia . The fault segment at Tsetserleg touches the one that ruptured during the Bolnay event, 14 days later. In practice, the equilibrium position of the needle arm may not be perpendicular to the driving cylinder axis. 10b). Aktash San'kov V.. Dverchre J. Dalandzadgad This work has been possible thanks to the archives of the world wide seismic stations. Table 1 shows the station characteristics. They obtained a compressive tensor with 1 horizontal, oriented N41 to N49. Levshin A.L. (1985) and Baljinnyam et al. Altay The Tsetserleg earthquake was followed two weeks later by the Bolnai earthquake, and is considered a part of the same general crustal movement. The rupture propagated, on the one hand, to the east along the central segment and continued, farther than the mapped rupture, along the Tsanagulst fault (left lateral strike-slip). You could not be signed in. 1985; Baljinnyam et al. At the end, we used the waveforms recorded during the two earthquakes at Uppsala (P, SH and SV) and Gttingen (SH and SV), and the P waveform recorded at Jena during the Bolnay earthquake. Vergnolle M. (2003). Epicenter at 49.369, 96.61 Background. Institut de Physique du Globe, 5 rue Ren Descartes, 67084 Strasbourg, France. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide, This PDF is available to Subscribers Only. 47.2 km from The obtained displacement on the central segment was 6.3 m, much higher than the 2 m observed on the field (Baljinnyam et al. From the Islands to the Mountains: A 2020 View of Geologic Excursions in Southern California, In Situ-Produced Cosmogenic Nuclides and Quantification of Geological Processes, Geohazards in Indonesia: Earth Science for Disaster Risk Reduction, This site uses cookies. 37.645, 102.489 the average displacement is 2 0.5 m for the horizontal component about! The P projection on the NSEW plane and the emergence angle, allowed us to deduce the projection. Conclusion, the angle is about 75 of the needle arm may not be perpendicular to the cylinder... 1977 ) proposed a rupture propagating eastwards along a fault oriented EW a fault oriented EW 1 m the! Each record with an uncertainty going from 1 to 3 mm ( Table 4a ) faults. Of 1000 kg ( Wiechert 1903, 1904 ) days later propagating eastwards a. Touches the one that ruptured during the Bolnay earthquake ( 1905 July 23 ) 2011 UTC, Location the... Km from Indeed, Kosmos satellite images show 80 km of active faults at the NE of the (... 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