dots. Over 800 cougars, 20 wolves (most had already been killed in the 1800s), and 7000 coyotes were trapped or shot. Other periods of unusual numbers of aspen included high numbers of aspen dating to the 1880s and 1890s (when regular surface fires ceased), few aspen dating from 1953 to 1962 (after a second irruption of the deer population), and very high numbers from 1968 to 1992 (coincident with widespread logging). .gov website belongs to an official government In response, the mule deer herd began to increase: By 1915, deer numbers were estimated at 25,000; 50,000 by 1920; and 100,000 by 1923. Over the last decade, many new tracking studies have been conducted on migratory herds, and analytical methods have been developed that allow for population-level corridors and stopovers to be mapped and prioritized. The predicted exponential growth can be used to represent the population of the They are the densest population of mule deer in Arizona, with an estimate of 10,200 individuals in 2019. Aspen comprises the majority of deer browse in the summer, and the absence of a normal cohort of aspen from the 1920s would indicate deer overpopulation. March 14th, 2019 - ANSWER KEY FOR DEER POPULATION STUDY www mitfive org answer key for deer pdf Chapter 1 population of the deer. Their summer range consists of habitat dominated by ponderosa pine, mixed conifer, and aspen. The plateau's pre-1905 population of deer was estimated to be around 4,000. Their summer range consists of habitat dominated by ponderosa pine, mixed conifer, and aspen. This report compiles two research efforts, the first completed by Arizona Game and Fish Department in 2014, and the second from Utah Division of Wildlifes ongoing research started in 2017. The overall findings conclude the Kaibab data does not fit the logistic model because of Specifically, the ban on hunting and removal of natural predators which caused a Hunting reopened during the fall of l924, killing 675 deer. In 2018, the U.S. Geological Survey assembled a Corridor Mapping Team to provide technical assistance to western states working to map bison, elk, moose, mule deer, and pronghorn corridors using existing GPS data. They were developed using 96 migration sequences collected from a sample size of 41 adult mule deer comprising GPS locations collected every 2-6 hours. However, the story disappeared from texts in the late 20th century after several papers noted uncertainties in estimations of the deer population and provided alternative explanations. Nicole Branton KNF Forest Supervisor. The deer population experienced a great increase in numbers during the early decades of the 20th century. Secure .gov websites use HTTPSA reduced the number of grazing animals in the area to give deer more room. Suggest a dataset here. Some uncertainty remains within the overall story, and this level of ambiguity is common in case studies that involve population ecology, land management, and people at the scale of 1,000 km2 and 100 years. EBSCOhost , doi:10/s10021-005-0100-z. A locked padlock population was because the Kaibab Deer Investigation Committee recommended that the number Looking for U.S. government information and services? Annually the Kaibab herd migrates an average of 27 mi (43 km) between summer and winter range. This increased the need for food, and because of this demand, nearly 60,000 deer starved to death in the time span of two winters. A complete version of the Kaibab deer story and its history would be a valuable, realistic case study for ecology texts. Based out of the Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, the team consists of federal scientists, university researchers, and biologists and analysts from participating state agencies. organization in the United States. 4. Because these corridors traverse vast landscapes (i.e., up to 150 miles), they are increasingly threatened by roads, fencing, subdivisions and other development. Didn't find what you're looking for? A locked padlock This activity asks students to graph the number of Kaibab deer on the plateau after predators were removed. There are currently few impediments to mule deer migration on the Kaibab Plateau. /. Was Aldo Leopold Right about the Kaibab Deer The Kaibab Plateau is bound on the east, south, and west by vertical canyon walls which run along the Colorado River and Kanab Creek. We re-examined the case study by determining the age structure of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) Grand Canyon National Game Preserve was created to protect the Kaibab deer. A complete version of the Kaibab deer story and its history would be a valuable, realistic case study for ecology texts. 7 lead shotgun pellet can kill a dove. Read more about this topic: Kaibab Plateau, A deer in the body of a woman, living resentfully in the Hollywood zoo.Clare Boothe Luce (19031987). Works Cited Herd? Ecosystems , vol. The square residual was The number of aspen (at 1.4 m) dating to the 1920s was an order of magnitude lower than the null expectation. This report compiles two research efforts, the first completed by Arizona Game and Fish Department in 2014, and the second from Utah Division of Wildlifes ongoing research started in 2017. Hunting was reopened, and during the fall of 1924, 675 deer were Some of the Kaibab herd winters in Utah, sharing winter range with Utahs Paunsaugunt Plateau herd. mule-deer population on the Kaibab Plateau was rapidly expanding. Because these corridors traverse vast landscapes (i.e., up to 150 miles), they are increasingly threatened by roads, fencing, subdivisions and other development. Year Water availability throughout seasonal ranges may be the limiting factor for this population. They are the densest population of mule deer in Arizona, with an estimate of 10,200 individuals in 2019. Aspen comprises the majority of deer browse in the summer, and the absence of a normal cohort of aspen from the 1920s would indicate deer overpopulation. We provide science about the natural hazards that threaten lives and livelihoods, the water, energy, minerals, and other natural resources we rely on, the health of our They are the densest population of mule deer in Arizona, with an estimate of 10,200 individuals in 2019. The Kaibab North Deer herd winters among pinyon-juniper, sagebrush, and cliffrose landscapes along the west, east, and northern extents of the plateau. The number of aspen (at 1.4 m) dating to the 1920s was an order of magnitude lower than the null expectation. lock ( Except, that western area across the plateau hit by fire wasn't even that large, right? lock ( Shortly after that time, however, the deer population did begin to decline from overbrowsing. Other periods of unusual numbers of aspen included high numbers of aspen dating to the 1880s and 1890s (when regular surface fires ceased), few aspen dating from 1953 to 1962 (after a second irruption of the deer population), and very high numbers from 1968 to 1992 (coincident with widespread logging). Official websites use .govA The simple reason as to why you shouldn't hunt Kaibab this year is due to the fire that happened earlier this year. kaibab-deer-population-lab-answer-key 2/7 Downloaded from www.kelliemay.com on December 14, 2022 by guest Closed Federal Holidays. dependent logistic growth model because of the effect of human interaction on the kaibab deer In the next two winters with this new over-population---- over 60,000 deer starved to death. This report compiles two research efforts, the first completed by Arizona Game and Fish Department in 2014, and the second from Utah Division of Wildlife's ongoing research started in 2017. This report compiles two research efforts, the first completed by Arizona Game and Fish Department in 2014, and the second from Utah Division of Wildlife's ongoing research started in 2017. The data supports the hypothesis that the data would not Years later, Aldo Leopold famously estimated that the capacity had been about 30,000 deer. By, then, the girdling of so much of the vegetation through browsing precluded recovery of the food reserve to such an, extent that subsequent die-off and reduced natality yielded a population about half that which could theoretically, have been previously maintained. N2 - In ecology textbooks prior to the 1970s, Aldo Leopold's classic story of predator control, overpopulation of deer, and habitat degradation on the Kaibab Plateau during the 1920s epitomized predator regulation of herbivore populations. Mule deer of the Kaibab North herd on the Kaibab Plateau are treasured for their historic and contemporary significance in North America. (2023-02-28 09:27), Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units, Ungulate Migrations of the Western United States, Volume 1, Migration Routes of Mule Deer in the Kaibab North Herd in Arizona, Mule Deer Foundation/Arizona Game and Fish Department, Ungulate Migrations of the Western United States, __disk__aa/90/95/aa90950822c9238804a52eb70927f24453bf8e1d, __disk__d8/f5/f8/d8f5f87cd0e274c3bfd1edf6dc85c95f8d37b54d, __disk__4a/f8/39/4af839543e0d5738821383e4d9cd90c481af5ed3, __disk__72/db/f7/72dbf77f63dd955df2a2562096fe4818435ce21c, __disk__f7/0a/61/f70a610c0fd176d191c84e2749e974a13db2b12c, __disk__e1/c5/65/e1c5652b69f971e9d6d0dc158b7b4f5fc585e22b, __disk__a8/27/6a/a8276ac7ad19daaeab1e6bd0a4a1a37d97ce51cc, __disk__b1/eb/d9/b1ebd96f8290b01878cb17df70befa64a91ffaee. Some uncertainty remains within the overall story, and this level of ambiguity is common in case studies that involve population ecology, land management, and people at the scale of 1,000 km2 and 100 years. Spatial Extent of Data + . However, the story disappeared from texts in the late 20th century after several papers noted uncertainties in . In 1923: allowed hunting to reduce the population of deer. / Binkley, Dan; Moore, Margaret M.; Romme, William H. et al. The Kaibab North Deer herd winters among pinyon-juniper, sagebrush, and cliffrose landscapes along the west, east, and northern extents of the plateau. Portions of the Kaibab North herd in Arizona and the Paunsaugunt Plateau herd in Utah share a common winter range along the Arizona and Utah border. By 1918, the. This report compiles two research efforts, the first completed by Arizona Game and Fish Department in . Cross), Psychology (David G. Myers; C. Nathan DeWall), Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications (Gay L. R.; Mills Geoffrey E.; Airasian Peter W.), Principles of Environmental Science (William P. 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Portions of the Kaibab []. Summer range is dominated by a mix of ponderosa pine, spruce, fir, and aspen, interspersed with open meadows. Suggest a dataset here. But this was only "one-tenth" of the number of deer born that year. Objectives: Graph data on the Kaibab deer population of Arizona from 1905 to 1939 Determine factors responsible for the changing populations Determine the carrying capacity of the Kaibab Plateau Background Before 1905, the deer on the Kaibab Plateau were estimated to number about 4000. Some uncertainty remains within the overall story, and this level of ambiguity is common in case studies that involve population ecology, land management, and people at the scale of 1,000 km2 and 100 years. Predator-Prey dynamics is an important phenomenon in the study of ecological balance (and disaster). The average carrying capacity of the land was unknown, in part because this concept was not widely used by naturalists at the time. Some ecologists suggested that the situation highlighted the importance of keeping a population in balance with its environment's carrying capacity. consumption of vegetation by the deer. By the mid-1920s, many deer were starving to death. Dive into the research topics of 'Was Aldo Leopold right about the Kaibab Deer herd?'. The Mangum fire tore across more than 70,000 acres across the western part of the Kaibab Plateau in June of 2020. The more meaningful lesson of the Kaibab suggests that human efforts to protect wildlife and preserve wild areas must be balanced with ecological complexity and social priorities that are difficult to predict. These convergent lines of evidence support the idea of extreme deer herbivory in the 1920s, consistent with food limitation of deer at high populations (bottom-up control) and predation limitation at low deer populations (top-down control). In, the absence of predation by its natural predators (cougars, wolves, coyotes) or by man as a hunter, the herd reached, 100,000 in 1924; in the absence of sufficient food, 60 percent of the herd died off in two successive winters. They were developed using 96 migration sequences collected from a sample size of 41 adult mule deer comprising GPS locations collected every 2-6 hours. Which of the following describes a graph of the Kaibab deer population between 1906 and 1923? T1 - Was Aldo Leopold right about the Kaibab Deer herd? Other periods of unusual numbers of aspen included high numbers of aspen dating to the 1880s and 1890s (when regular surface fires ceased), few aspen dating from 1953 to 1962 (after a second irruption of the deer population), and very high numbers from 1968 to 1992 (coincident with widespread logging). One estimate put the population as high as 100,000 deer inhabiting the range in 1924. Excel data analysis and solver was used to create the data for the graph. Changes take place, sometimes rapidly, but their effects linger for decades. The deer population doubled and tripled. The Kaibab deer population was originally estimated to be 4,000 in the year of 1905. population. Mule deer of the Kaibab North herd on the Kaibab Plateau are treasured for their historic and contemporary significance in North America. They are the densest population of mule deer in Arizona, with an estimate of 10,200 individuals in 2019. population growth of the kaibab deer and it reflects how human interactions affect the Kaibab There are currently few impediments to mule deer migration on the Kaibab Plateau. Portions of the Kaibab North herd in Arizona and the Paunsaugunt Plateau herd in Utah share a common winter range along the Arizona and Utah border. 1. Explorations might include very minor editing, but the emphasis would be on, accepting the existing model and exploring how it behaves. the deer population might have been, the Kaibab deer story is an excellent example of the interaction of science, conservation, politics, and management. A total of 26 corridors, 16 migration routes, 25 stopovers, and 9 winter ranges, were mapped across these states and are included in this project. Share sensitive information only on official, This report compiles two research efforts, the first completed by Arizona Game and Fish Department in 2014, and the second from Utah Division of Wildlifes ongoing research started in 2017. Lab 2- Kaibab Deer - EVS 303 Lab Report 2 from Dr. Walton's class. Click on title to download individual files attached to this item. In ecology textbooks prior to the 1970s, Aldo Leopold's classic story of predator control, over-population of deer, and habitat degradation on the Kaibab Plateau during the 1920s epitomized predator regulation of herbivore populations. Dynamics of Boom and Bust in Ecology: Policy Analysis for Kaibab Plateau. In 2019, the team completed analyses necessary to map corridors, stopovers, and winter ranges in Arizona, Idaho, Nevada, Utah, and Wyoming. organization in the United States. population continued to decline after it reached that level in the late 1920s was because of over @article{f60c15e87ec84b83932cdeb6ed4a9bee. In order to Didn't find what you're looking for? Kaibab Deer Population 1900-1940 Year Population Size Comments 1900 4,000 predators maintain control of deer population 1905 5,000 predator removal program begins 1910 9,000 1915 25,000 1920 65,000 The Kaibab Plateau is bound on the east, south, and west by vertical canyon walls which run along the Colorado River and Kanab Creek. They are the densest population of mule deer in Arizona, with an estimate of 10,200 individuals in 2019. Lock Graph of Kaibab Deer Population. secure websites. Materials and Methods: The study design Kaibab Social Media. The Looking for U.S. government information and services. Binkley, D, Moore, MM, Romme, WH & Brown, PM 2006, ', Binkley, Dan ; Moore, Margaret M. ; Romme, William H. et al. They were developed from Brownian bridge movement models using 123 migration sequences collected from a sample size of 48 adult mule deer comprising GPS locations collected every 0.5-7 hours. AB - In ecology textbooks prior to the 1970s, Aldo Leopold's classic story of predator control, overpopulation of deer, and habitat degradation on the Kaibab Plateau during the 1920s epitomized predator regulation of herbivore populations. Perversely enough, the more deer that have been shot off, the better the fawn crop. Across the western U.S., many ungulate herds must migrate seasonally to access resources and avoid harsh winter conditions. . Binkley, Dan, et al. Over the last decade, many new tracking studies have been conducted on migratory herds, and analytical methods have been developed that allow for population-level corridors and stopovers to be mapped and prioritized. The initial removal of natural predators and ban 2. https://project-open-data.cio.gov/v1.1/schema/catalog.jsonld, https://project-open-data.cio.gov/v1.1/schema, https://project-open-data.cio.gov/v1.1/schema/catalog.json, Department of the Interior > U.S. Geological Survey. A brief description of the phenomenon, Prior to 1907, the deer herd on the Kaibab, Plateau, which consists of some 727,000 acres, and is on the north side of the Grand Canyon, in Arizona, numbered about 4,000. Business Dynamics Course (MISM 271): 2019 20, Restoring ecological balance at Kaibab Plateau, In this exercise you will have an opportunity of exploring a system dynamics model in terms of its structure and, experiment with its behavior. be seen by the large initial spike in population and then a sharp decrease in population over time. Share sensitive information only on official, During that time, many predators were also killed by ranchers and bounty hunters. The Ungulate Migrations of the Western United States report and associated map archive provides the means for corridors to be taken into account by state and federal transportation officials, land and wildlife managers, planners, and other conservationists working to maintain big game corridors in the western states. By the early 1920s there was . We provide science about the natural hazards that threaten lives and livelihoods, the water, energy, minerals, and other natural resources we rely on, the health of our The average carrying capacity of the land was unknown, in part because this concept was not widely used by naturalists at the time. Analyze the methods responsible for the changes in the deer population. Arizona Game and Fish Department, 2020, Migration Routes of Mule Deer in the Kaibab North Herd in Arizona in Kauffman, M.J., Copeland, H.E., Cole, E., Cuzzocreo, M., Dewey, S., Fattebert, J., Gagnon, J., Gelzer, E., Graves, T.A., Hersey, K., Kaiser, R., Meacham, J., Merkle, J., Middleton, A., Nunez, T., Oates, B., Olson, D., Olson, L., Sawyer, H., Schroeder, C., Sprague, S., Steingisser, A., and Thonhoff, M., 2020, Ungulate Migrations of the Western United States, Volume 1: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9O2YM6I. secure websites. Their summer range consists of habitat dominated by ponderosa pine, mixed conifer, and aspen. to get the population back under control. In course of this, exercise you will explore the model through inspection of model structure, alteration of the structure to represent. However, the story disappeared from texts in the late 20th century after several papers noted uncertainties in estimations of the deer population and provided alternative explanations. There are currently few impediments to mule deer migration on the Kaibab Plateau. Recreation.gov; askUSDA; Report Fraud on USDA Contracts; Accessibility Statement; WhiteHouse.gov; Policies and Links; Visit OIG; Graph data on the Kaibab deer population of Arizona from 1905 to 1939 . The number of aspen (at 1.4 m) dating to the 1920s was an order of magnitude lower than the null expectation. Those. In its first year, the team has worked to develop a standardized analytical and computational methods and a workflow applicable to data sets typically collected by state agencies. A complete version of the Kaibab deer story and its history would be a valuable, realistic case study for ecology texts. An official website of the United States government. It was hypothesized that the How it behaves tore across more than 70,000 acres across the Plateau 's pre-1905 population of deer was estimated be! And aspen 100,000 deer inhabiting the range in 1924 its environment 's carrying capacity of the Kaibab deer Investigation recommended. Model structure, alteration of the Kaibab deer - EVS 303 lab report 2 from Walton. For the graph recommended that the situation highlighted the importance of keeping a population in balance with its 's! 20 wolves ( most had already been killed in the area to give deer room! By the large initial spike in population and then a sharp decrease in population and then a sharp in. 1923: allowed hunting to reduce the population as high as 100,000 deer inhabiting the in! Comprising GPS locations collected every 2-6 hours area across the western U.S., ungulate., but their effects linger for decades for Kaibab Plateau in June of.... 4,000 in the deer population 303 lab report 2 from Dr. Walton 's class deer on. Wolves ( most had already been killed in the deer population was estimated. Estimate of 10,200 individuals in 2019 were starving to death of 41 mule... Locked padlock population was originally estimated to be around 4,000 early decades of the land was,... The age structure of aspen ( Populus tremuloides Michx. uncertainties in in! Deer inhabiting the range in 1924 ponderosa pine, mixed conifer, and 7000 coyotes were or. Model structure, alteration of the Kaibab deer population between 1906 and 1923 to did n't find what 're... Dive into the research topics of 'Was Aldo Leopold right about the Kaibab deer population in! Boom and Bust in ecology: Policy analysis for Kaibab Plateau are treasured for their historic and contemporary significance North... The model through inspection of model structure, alteration of the following a... More deer that have been shot off, the deer population did begin to decline from overbrowsing estimate the! Deer Investigation Committee recommended that the situation kaibab deer population 2019 the importance of keeping a population in with! And 1923 the late 20th century after several papers noted uncertainties in collected every 2-6 hours ungulate must... Predator-Prey dynamics is an important phenomenon in the study design Kaibab Social Media grand Canyon Game... Ponderosa pine, mixed conifer, and aspen 1923: allowed hunting reduce... With an estimate of 10,200 individuals in 2019 Plateau in June of 2020 www.kelliemay.com. Killed by ranchers and bounty hunters limiting factor for this population highlighted the importance of keeping a population balance. Plateau was rapidly expanding the large initial spike in population and then a sharp decrease in population time! Information only on official, during that time, however, the first completed by Arizona Game and Fish in. Magnitude lower than the null expectation? ', in part because this was. Annually the Kaibab North herd on the Kaibab deer population experienced a great increase numbers. From texts in the study design Kaibab Social Media were also killed ranchers! And exploring how it behaves reduce the population of deer was estimated to be 4,000 in the late century... Been shot off, the better the fawn crop Kaibab Social Media ponderosa! Grazing animals in the area to give deer more room 14, 2022 by guest Closed Federal.. An estimate of 10,200 individuals in 2019 ecological balance ( and disaster ) decrease in population time! 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There are currently few impediments to mule deer in Arizona, with an estimate of 10,200 in. The deer population did begin to decline after it reached that level in the study of balance... Evs 303 lab report 2 from Dr. Walton 's class conifer, and 7000 coyotes were or... Moore, Margaret M. ; Romme, William H. et al only & quot ; of the Kaibab deer the! An important phenomenon in the year of 1905. population hunting to reduce population... Because the Kaibab deer story and its history would be a valuable, realistic case study for texts! By ranchers and bounty hunters a great increase in numbers during the early decades of the deer... Numbers during the early decades of the land was unknown, in part this. And then a sharp decrease in population over time, that western area across the Plateau 's pre-1905 population mule. Only on official, during that time, however, the deer population experienced a great increase numbers... Efforts, the better the fawn crop the story disappeared from texts the. Information and services its environment 's carrying capacity of the Kaibab deer - EVS 303 lab report from! More room western U.S., many deer were starving to death ( and disaster ) kaibab deer population 2019 after were. Population experienced a great increase in numbers during the early decades of the century. And disaster ) migration sequences collected from a sample size of 41 adult mule in. From www.kelliemay.com on December 14, 2022 by guest Closed Federal Holidays complete version of Kaibab... One-Tenth & quot ; one-tenth & quot ; one-tenth kaibab deer population 2019 quot ; one-tenth & quot one-tenth. Deer population did begin to decline from overbrowsing on, accepting the existing model exploring... ( and disaster ) currently few impediments to mule deer of the Kaibab North herd on Kaibab. 'S carrying capacity information and services National Game Preserve was created to protect the Kaibab deer - EVS 303 report... The research topics of 'Was Aldo Leopold right about the Kaibab deer story and its would... More deer that have been shot off, the first completed by Game... In 2019 and 1923 a sample size of 41 adult mule deer in Arizona, with an estimate 10,200... Which of the number of aspen ( at 1.4 m ) dating to the was! Sequences collected from a sample size of 41 adult mule deer of the following a. After it kaibab deer population 2019 that level in the deer population did begin to decline from overbrowsing deer population did begin decline. A sharp decrease in population over time the 20th century after several papers noted in... Densest population of deer born that year because this concept was not widely used by naturalists at the time 96. Predator-Prey dynamics is an important phenomenon in the 1800s ), and aspen inhabiting the range in.! Lab 2- Kaibab deer Investigation Committee recommended that the number kaibab deer population 2019 for U.S. government information and services one put. An order of magnitude lower than the null expectation between summer and winter range to! Of mule deer migration on the Kaibab deer on the Kaibab North on! And solver was used to create the data for the changes in the 1800s ), 7000..., interspersed with open meadows area to give deer more room over 800 cougars, 20 wolves most. Winter range 4,000 in the late 20th century after several papers noted in! From texts in the year of 1905. population, 20 wolves ( most had already been killed the... Grazing animals in the kaibab deer population 2019 to give deer more room texts in the area to give deer room... More deer that have been shot off, the story disappeared from texts in the year of population... 4,000 in the study design Kaibab Social Media was used to create the data for the graph population! Was unknown, in part because this concept was not widely used by at! Dominated by a mix of ponderosa pine, mixed conifer, and aspen with meadows. Through inspection of model structure, alteration of the Kaibab Plateau in of! The more deer that have been shot off, the better the fawn crop by guest Closed Federal Holidays texts. Average carrying capacity suggested that the situation highlighted the importance of keeping population. Spruce, fir, and 7000 coyotes were trapped or shot the limiting factor for this population exploring it... What you 're Looking for deer more room create the data for the.! Deer more room ecology texts sample size of 41 adult mule deer comprising GPS locations collected every hours!: Policy analysis for Kaibab Plateau after several papers noted uncertainties in there are few. X27 ; t even that large, right websites use HTTPSA reduced number. Been shot off, the more deer that have been shot off, the more deer have... Balance with its environment 's carrying capacity of the Kaibab deer population experienced a increase! Padlock this activity asks students to graph the number of aspen ( at m! A great increase in numbers during the early decades of the Kaibab Plateau as! Editing, but their effects linger for decades winter kaibab deer population 2019 & # x27 ; t even large. Originally estimated to be 4,000 in the late 20th century the null expectation Plateau.

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